A Case of Interdisciplinary Fusion under Dual Carbon Goal: Coordinated Carbon Reduction with Greenhouse Photovoltaics and Electric Vehicles

Building a new type of power system is an important guarantee to support China’s “dual carbon” goal. Due to the inseparable relationship between industrial and agricultural production and electric energy utilization, there must be interdisciplinary integration to achieve the goal of “dual carbon”. The disciplines of horticulture and electric power are taken as examples in this paper to analyze the feasibility of carbon emission reduction through coordinating agricultural photovoltaic (PV) greenhouse and electric vehicle (EV) energy storage. Firstly, the mechanism of carbon emission difference caused by electric energy supplementing during EV charging is analyzed. Secondly, in the context of the contradiction between the reduction of battery life caused by discharging (increasing carbon emission) and the increase in PV output consumption by orderly charging and discharging (reducing carbon emission), an optimization model for the synergistic operation of EV clusters and greenhouse PVs (with the objective of minimizing carbon emissions) is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through simulation cases. The energy storage characteristics of EVs is capable of realizing the transfer of PV power generation in the time dimension, and the coordinated operation of greenhouse PVs and EVs’ charging and discharging can effectively reduce carbon emission during the EV operation period. In a typical summer scenario of PV output, the carbon emission of EVs in V2G (vehicle to grid) mode was reduced by 69.13% compared to disorderly charging. It is shown that the adequacy of PV generation and the orderly dispatching of the charging and discharging of EVs are the key factors in reducing carbon emission throughout the life cycle of EVs.