Achievements in HFA2000 Since 1978

Primary care is commonly considered the bottom layer of the healthcare system. In practice, it is the primary and first, as well as the continuing contact for people with healthcare providers who offer fundamental and comprehensive health and nursing care and interventions. Educational programmes are provided for the public to maintain health and prevent them from being ill. In 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) and member countries declared “Health for all by the year 2000” (the HFA) in Alma-Ata, advocating that all citizens could not only reach the level of health defined by the WHO but also be economically productive in 2000. The project has been underway for more than four decades. While various governments have implemented a range of strategies and policies to accomplish the target, some have yielded substantial achievements. This chapter will discuss the HFA-related measurements in detail and review the achievements in various countries, as well as how to evaluate their performance and effectiveness for health improvement of the population.