Cruise shore excursion planning based on accessibility of scenic spots

The accessibility of scenic spots is crucial due to the limited docking time of cruise ships, which directly determines the feasibility of various onshore activities arrangements. This study investigates and designs shore excursion and tourism products considering the accessibility of scenic spots. The study uses Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Port as an example to explore onshore resource development and design cruise tourism products based on scenic spots' accessibility using the accessibility measurement. The results highlight that the overall accessibility of onshore attractions in Shanghai is acceptable, especially since the access time of most attractions under the optimal path is within 60–120 min. Generally, tourist cruising activities are unevenly distributed in the Shanghai area. However, most itineraries in Shanghai are dominated by the city-sightseeing-themed tour that is a single cruise product type and provides a boring experience to travelers. The breadth and depth of Shanghai's shore excursions are insufficient. This paper provides some constructive suggestions to optimize the accessibility of scenic spots and useful guidance on enhancing authorities to develop regional cruise tourism and design excursions for cruise ports.