Experimental and numerical study on the emission characteristics of laminar premixed biogas-hydrogen impinging flame

The total emissions (EICO, EINOx, EINO₂and NO₂/NOx ratio) of laminar premixed biogas-hydrogen impinging flame were obtained experimentally while a computational model was developed to calculate the impinging flame. The NO amount produced via different routes (thermal, prompt, NNH and N₂O routes) were isolated and calculated in the simulation. The effects of separated distance and equivalence ratio on the emission formation were discussed quantitatively. The results are summarized as follows. The lower values of EICO at small and large H are caused by the weakened fuel oxidization and improved CO oxidization, respectively, and the EICO is increased with ϕ owing to the increasingly incomplete fuel oxidization. The NO amounts of thermal, prompt, NNH and N₂O routes and their contributions on total NO are affected considerably by the separated distance. The decreased prompt NO with H leads to the initial drop of EINOx at fuel-rich condition. The thermal NO and NNH route dominate the NO formation at ϕ = 0.8 and 1.0, while the contribution of prompt NO is improved significantly at fuel-rich condition. The rising trend of EINOx with ϕ is primarily predominated by the enhanced prompt NO. As H is enhanced, the rising and dropping trends of EINO₂, as well as NO₂/NOx ratio, are caused by more intensive air entrainment, promoting the NO₂formation, and the extended high temperature region, accelerating the NO formation and the NO₂destruction, respectively. The enhanced EINO₂with ϕ is primarily caused by the increased H atom in the air mixing region to promote the HO₂formation.