Novel load allocation analysis for energy management and carbon emissions reduction of chiller system in hotel buildings

The operation of chiller systems for cooling energy generation in hotel buildings consumes the highest proportion of electricity. This study aims to introduce load allocation analysis to assess the potential for energy savings by a chiller system. The cooling load profile of a hotel in a subtropical climate is simulated using EnergyPlus. Eleven design options for the system include 4 to 8 chillers of the same or different capacities. Restoring chiller sequencing with high load operation can reduce the system's energy use intensity (EUI) by 12.7 %. An optimal design of four large and two small chillers with proper sequencing can reduce the EUI by up to 26.82 % or carbon emissions by 551,516 kgCO₂-e. Increasing capacity steps above ten brings no significant energy savings and imposes complicated chiller staging. The area of the load allocation region can be evaluated simply from the chiller system design and used to analyze the system's energy performance. The EUI can be reduced by 0.3261 % for a 1 % drop in the area of load allocation region. The novelty of this study lies in using the load allocation region to assess energy savings of a chiller system without referring to sophisticated operating data at short timesteps. The significance of this study is to highlight the limitations of energy savings from the optimum chiller system design and address the need for incorporating more low energy technologies to enhance decarbonization.